solomon islands campaign

Southerland, Lt. (jg) Tabberer and Ens. VT-3, Lt. Comdr. E.M. Snowden. Charlie P. McFeaters: Transports: McCawley, Capt. In order to reduce this danger as much as possible, other troops had first to be put ashore at Halavo, on the Florida peninsula, whence they could provide a certain amount of support for our boats. On the day of attack and for 4 days thereafter planes under the General's command would interdict hostile air operations in the Rabaul-Kavieng area and deny hostile refueling operations from Buka Island if used; in the same period shorter range planes would attack Lae and Salamaua periodically to prevent reinforcement of Rabaul from that area. The Americans lost one carrier and 74 planes. For fully 20 minutes Squadron XRAY, led by theChicago,steamed along the silent shore of Guadalcanal. About an hour later theHeywoodcompleted unloading "the Tulagi gear" and got underway at 15 knots for Guadalcanal, where she was to land the Special Weapons Battalion and other troops and supplies. Robert M. Disque shot down one bomber and Radio Electrician Thomas W. Rhodes destroyed a Zero. Alabama by U.S.S. Arthur C. Davis}. Tulagi area. W.T. 26th. The Air Support Director Group of, "Orange Base Two" in theNeville,which was stationed off Tulagi, acted only as a stand-by unit. Combat Narratives are not to be removed from the ship or station for which they are provided. TheDeweyandHullbombarded the eastern third of the beach andElletandWilsonthe center. James E. Maher. Harry D. Felt, was assigned tactical command of the air units operating over the Guadalcanal area in the first few hours of the attack. Soon they were in position to give what fire support they could when our troops should land on Gavutu. As they did so, a battery on Gavutu opened fire at a range of about 4,000 yards. With the signal to land the landing force, the transports sprang into orderly activity. The following 168 files are in this category, out of 168 total. The First Battalion of Combat Team A continued along the shore through the comparatively favorable terrain of flat coconut plantations. The Japanese were able to inflict heavy damage on the U.S. ships, but were unable to complete their resupply mission, with deleterious effects for theirtroops on Guadalcanal. According to Comdr. American forces first landed on the Solomon Islands of Guadalcanal, Tulagi and Florida on the morning of August 7, 1942. So vigorous was the enemy's resistance that only one platoon of C Company could advance farther, but it managed to edge along the southern shore to the eastern tip of the island. Promptly at 01614, while our ships were drawing close to the debarkation area, the drone of planes could be heard overhead and our fighters began strafing. Her shells failed, however, to dislodge the Japanese, who were well dug in, so that when Companies A and C reached that point they found their advance held up by heavy machine-gun fire from the hill. Help more loved ones understand their risk, get diagnosed sooner. There was no organized defense of the Lunga Point area. 2 (part III, chapter 26), Bunker Busters: Robust Nuclear Earth Penetrator Issues, Chapter 2: The Era of Growing Conflict, 1959-1965, Chapter 3: The Years of Combat, 1965-1968, Chapter 4: Winding Down the War, 1968 - 1973, Chapter 5: The Final Curtain, 1973 - 1975, Medal of Honor Recipients of the U.S. Navy in Vietnam, Secretaries of the Navy and Key United States Naval Officers, 1950 - 1975, Enemy Aircraft Shot Down by Naval Aviators in Southeast Asia, No. The enemy was taken completely by surprise and there was no opposition. 47 (1935) Precedence of Forces in Parades, General Orders for the Regulation of the Navy Yard Washington, D.C. - 1833-1850, German Commanders Wilhelm Keitel and Alfred Jodl on the Invasion of Normandy in 1944, German Report on the Allied Invasion of Normandy, German Submarine Activities on the Atlantic Coast, Glossary of U.S. In taking the. On May 4th our carrier-borne planes bombed the harbor. 6 - Other Federal Decorations (non-military), Ships & Other Units Eligible for the Korean Service Medal, The Navy Department A brief history until 1945, Navy Department Communiques 1-300 and Pertinent Press Releases, Navy Force Structure and Shipbuilding Plans - 2016, Navy Nurse Corps General Uniform Instructions 1917, Navy Records and [Navy Department] Library (E Branch), Navy Ship Procurement: Alternative Funding Approaches, Navy Shipboard Lasers for Surface, Air, and Missile Defense, The Navy's World War II-era Fleet Admirals, Needs and Opportunities in the Modern History of the U.S. Navy, Forward Presence in the Modern Navy: From the Cold War to a Future Tailored Force, Historiography of Programming and Acquisition Management since 1950 - Hone, Naval Personnel since 1945: Areas for Historical Research, The Social History of the U.S. Navy, 1945Present, Writing U.S. It was followed at 5-minute intervals by the other two waves. This was at 0800, exactly on schedule. The 2 days' accomplishment amply justified Admiral Ghormley's dispatch on the morning of the 8th in which he stated that the results so far achieved made every officer and man in the South Pacific area proud of the task forces. They were soon seen to be enemy bomber or torpedo planes traveling at 3,000 feet. Apparently all opposition was quickly silenced. Shortly thereafter a despatch was received reporting that submarines were en route to attack our ships and that 18 enemy heavy bombers were also on their way. 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W.H. This island fortunately had many of the physical characteristics of Tulagi. 4, USS Pittsburgh, A Forgotten Enemy: PHS's [Public Health Service] Fight Against the 1918 Influenza Pandemic. The channel between Gavutu and Bungana was swept, then the rest of the area, without finding a single mine. The fighting was close and savage.42At about this time the first platoon of Company K (Lieut. Possibly the bad weather reported on August 8th by our search planes northwest of Guadalcanal Explains the failure of our reconnaissance to sight and track this hostile group.45At any rate, Admiral Turner evidently believed that the most likely attack on our forces would come, as it had on the previous 2 days, through the air, because shortly before midnight he sent a message to the Commander Aircraft, South Pacific Force (Admiral McCain), estimating that the enemy force reported by Melbourne might operate torpedo planes from Rekata Bay, Santa Isabel Island, and recommending that strong air detachments strike there on the morning of the 9th. Dudley H. Adams, had crashed into the sea. 32, USS Lexington CV2 War Damage Report No. Blair saw flame in the bomb bay of one of the bombers he attacked. During the afternoon, when there were several alerts for enemy air attacks which did not materialize, some of the ships picked up fallen Japanese fliers from the water. 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Ernest M. Snowden. At 2235, while about 40 miles southwest of Guadalcanal, Squadron YOKE changed from the northerly course on which it was approaching, to 040 T., and half an hour later Squadron XRAY followed onto the same course. J.S. A fire which followed the explosion was quickly extinguished, and theSan Juan,theBuchanan, and theMonssen, continued to provide fire support on Tulagi and Gavutu as requested by the shore fire control parties. W.M. [20] Oral statement recorded in Office of Naval Records. VT-8, Lieut. As General Vandegrift has written in a personal letter, our easy success at Guadalcanal in the first few hours of the attack was doubtless due to the enemy's surprise and his hasty surmise that we did not intend to occupy the islands. Dewey, Lt. Comdr. Tuesday, August 25th, 1942. "Supplementary intelligence and the results of the photographic reconnaissance on August 2d," wrote Capt. No ship had been hit, but theDeweyshortly afterwards picked up the pilot of one of our carrier fighters which had been knocked down in the battle overhead. Strictest secrecy was enforced, the Marines making their preparations under the guise of getting ready for a period of amphibious training. Fire lifted as the Marines approached the beach, our boats touched at 0740 and our men went ashore without opposition. They were to support by their fire the attack of the First Parachute Battalion on Gavutu. 56, USS Houston CL81 War Damage Report No. Although Beach BLUE, the only beach open to us on Tulagi, was also subjected to heavy sniper fire, TheNeville'sbeach party under Lieut. The boats were put over and lowered and the troops embarked without incident. The paint on the side of the ship opposite the destroyer caught fire and the hull plating was red hot. Harold H. Larsen. On the other 2 islands about 400 were naval troops (Marines and naval aviation personnel) and the remaining 600 were believed to have been laborers. In the words of the Japanese Navy's Combined Fleet Secret Order Number One, dated November 1, 1941, the goals of the initial Japanese campaigns in the impending war were to "[eject] British and American strength from the Netherlands Indies and the Philippines, [and] to establish a policy of autonomous self-sufficiency and economic independence. This suggestion proved satisfactory to General MacArthur, and he agreed that for 2 days preceding the attack and for 4 days afterward the SOUWESPAC air forces would search water areas to the limit of range southeast of line Madang-Kapingamarangi Islands and northwest of the line of Tagula Island-easternmost point of New Georgia Island, thence along 158 E., paying particular attention to entrances to the Coral Sea from the north and east. By seizing a strategic airfield site on the island, the United States halted Japanese efforts to disrupt supply routes to Australia and New Zealand. From the Collection to the Classroom: Teaching History with The National WWII Museum. Jensen, the first to sight the enemy and to give the alarm by radio, attacked and followed the enemy down through the antiaircraft fire from the ships, destroying 2 of the raiders. A and C Companies then moved on to the hill west of the cricket ground. About half of the company pushed up the southern slope of Tanambogo hill, while the rest worked around the east and north sides and along the shore. Henry E. Thornhill. info@nationalww2museum.org [6] To Espiritu Santo when landing strip completed. Lawrence F. Reifsnider: Transports: Fuller, Capt. The Influenza Epidemic of 1918 by Carla R. Morrisey, RN, BSN, Influenza of 1918 (Spanish Flu) and the US Navy, Philadelphia, Nurses, and the Spanish Influenza Pandemic of 1918. . Minesweeper Group, Comdr. Chambers, his company reached "line A" in the island's center and then, in accordance with orders, fired a cluster of green star shells to notify the ships to bombard the eastern and more populous end of the island. Abandoning this effort, theHullcontinued to supply water to fight the fire. The Japanese manning them were well armed with machine guns, rifles, and automatic rifles. No enemy ships or planes were sighted. This and the rest of our SBDs returned safely to theWasp. During this hour's run the boats bucked choppy seas and by the time they arrived at the line of departure all personnel and equipment were completely drenched. Cruiser: Astoria (CA) (2 VOS planes), Capt. When it is considered that the flight sequence for theWaspcontained 23 such entries and that those for the air groups of theSaratogaandEnterprisewere worked out with like precision, the excellence of the staff work becomes apparent. The Solomons campaign culminated in the often bitter fighting of the Bougainville campaign, which continued until the end of the war. Crutchley, R.N., which was to escort the transports from Wellington to the expeditionary force's rendezvous, sailed from Brisbane, Australia, July 14th. Crutchley, R.N. Farenholt, Lt. Comdr. The bay, located at some distance from the heavily defended airfields at either end of the island, had what appeared to be the most suitable beaches for a landing. (Image: The National WWII Museum, 2002.069.144. Hayden M. Jensen, Lt. (jg) C.B. At midnight they were. From Hill 281 at the southeastern end of the island they were expected to support, by howitzer fire, our troops in their assault on Gavutu. [41] From action report ofPresident Adams. T.J. Capowski, missing in action. Navy Department Communiques 1-300 and Pertinent Press Releases, 10 December 19415 March 1943, Post-War Interrogations of Japanese OfficialsVols. On arrival at Tongatabu repairs were speedily completed. Sweeney (the Marine tank commander) to run right into the ramp and knock it down with the tank when I gave the signal that the stops were off. The surprise attack crippled most of the U.S. Pacific Fleet's battleships and started a war between the two nations. Ens. Getting. A large oil slick was noted on the surface, but although several screening destroyers searched the area, no further evidence of the submarine or of its possible destruction was seen. H.A. Previously, theMcCawleyhad received a warning that two Japanese destroyers, three cruisers and two gunboats or seaplane tenders had been sighted at 1127 (Zone minus 11) at latitude 545' S., longitude 15607' E., course 120 T., speed 15 knots. "We reached Gavutu about dusk. A flight launched at 1354, led by Machinist Donald E. Runyon, succeeded, however, in cutting deeply into the enemy's second formation of raiders. Hobart (HMAS) (CL), Capt. (e) One fighter crashed into barrier first day; repaired and flown second day. Meanwhile theAustralia13had fired three salvos of 8-inch shells at a small village between Lunga point and Tenaru, while theElletopened fire on scattered houses in the same area. According to the prisoners, about 40 attempted to escape by swimming to Florida. At 0133 Guadalcanal could be made out, broad on the starboard bow of theNevillein Squadron YOKE. After 210 rounds of 5-inch AA common ammunition was expended at 1,500 to 1,700 yards "Marines on Gavutu Island reported all opposition was destroyed.",/P. Earl W. Cook and Machinist Patrick L. Nagle remained too long over the ships and ran out of gas while trying to find theEnterprisein the semidarkness. Naval Construction Battalions), made an unopposed landing on the Treasury Islands on 27 October. not to endanger our boats, only the percussion feature of all projectiles was to be used. 41, USS O'Brien DD415 War Damage Report No. Ens. The United States Navy advocated a more gradual approach from New Guinea and up the Solomon Island chain. Lieut. On the north side of the ridge, D Company advanced slowly and by. As it seems clear that ships' antiaircraft fire accounted for at least 2 and the carrier planes claimed 20, the total was probably a score or more. In driving out the Japanese from the dugouts and tunnels in Hill 148, however, they were greatly hampered by sniper and machine-gun fire from Tanambogo. On August 5th the average course and speed was 296 T., 12.31 knots, with occasional zigzagging for submarine protection. At 0800 (H-hour) the First Raider Battalion was to be landed at Beach BLUE on Tulagi. Recollections of Lieutenant Commander William Leide, Recollections of Lieutenant Wilton Wenker and Lieutenant Elby Concerning the Crossing of the Rhine River in 1945, Recollections of USS Pampanito's rescue of prison ship survivors by Lieutenant Commander Landon Davis, Recollections of Vice Admiral Alan G. Kirk Concerning the Crossing of the Rhine River in 1945, Register of Patients at Naval Hospital Washington DC 1814, Register of USN & USMC Officer Personnel 1801-1807 [pdf], Regulations for the Information of Officers On Neutrality Duty in Connection With the Visits of Belligerent Vessels of War [1916], Regulations For Powder Magazines and Shell Houses 1874, Regulations Governing the Uniform of Commissioned Officers 1897, Reincarnation of John Paul Jones The Navy Discovers Its Professional Roots, Remarks on Protection of a Convoy by Extended Patrols, Remarks on Submarine Tactics Against Convoys, Reminiscences of Seattle Washington Territory and the U. S. Sloop-of-War Decatur, Reminiscences of Seattle Washington Territory and the US Sloop-of-War Decatur During the Indian War of 1855-56, Report by the Special Subcommittee on Disciplinary Problems in the US Navy, Reports of Arica, Peru Earthquake from USS Powhatan and USS Wateree, Resolution of the Continental Congress, 11 December 1775, Resolution of the Continental Congress, 25 November 1775, Hyman G. Rickover's Promotion to Admiral [H.A.S.C. Blair, Lieut. While our ships were bombarding the southwestern slopes of the island a scout-bombing squadron bombed the northeastern side from 0750 to 0800. Cunningham, US Navy Relative to events on Wake Island in December 1941, and subsequent related events, Narrative of Joshua Davis an American Citizen 1811, Narrative of the Capture, Sufferings and Escape of Capt. By that time, the Americans had landed nearly 34,000 troops and over 23,000 tons of cargo on Bougainville; widened the beachhead 7,000 yards; and moved 5,000 yards inland through dense, difficult mangrove swamps. Coastwatcher's warning of enemy air attack. In conjunction with their troop landings, Japanese naval forces were assigned to bombard Henderson Field in order to destroy U.S. aircraft that posed a threat to the convoy. Morrison, Samuel Eliot. [Commander U-boats] War Log, 24-31 May 1941, The Sinking of the USS Housatonic by the Submarine CSS H.L. Similar attacks on the target area were made almost daily through August 6th. TheWasp, in company with her sister carriers, had retired a short distance to the south for the night. At 0507, when Squadron YOKE was north of Savo, theNevilleat the head of the transport group had changed course to 115 to head directly for Tulagi. A U.S. Navy task force attempted to surprise and destroy Japanese destroyersdispatched to resupply Japanese ground forces on Guadalcanal. Everything went wrong. "I believe they (the ships) are really combat-loaded, for we have taken infinite pains and have disembarked in practice to see that things needed first come out that way.". Transport Group XRAY, Capt. The approach to Beach BLUE, however, was dominated from the west by a promontory jutting south from Florida Island, near which lay the village of Haleta.18In order to insure that the enemy would not use this position to enfilade our boats during their landing on Beach BLUE, we had to make a preliminary landing on this promontory. In general, Combat Narratives represent a reasoned interpretation of these discrepancies. This proved a false hope, for soon it was noted that the bulkheads were rapidly heating deck by deck. That cruiser was responsible for the bombardment of the area from Lunga Point west, and had started firing upon the coast in the vicinity of Kukum, where a large oil fire was seen very shortly. Group 3, office equipment (typewriters, pencils, paper, etc.) The Zeros immediately attacked three of our fighters, while the remaining three got through to attack the enemy bombers. Then he turned on Company A in the hope of sweeping up the ridge toward the residency. At noon the destroyerSelfridgewas sent ahead to make a landfall on Bellona Island, so that upon her return before nightfall she was able to provide our squadron commanders with an accurate navigational position. Group 9, special equipment (camouflage, chemical warfare, etc.). 1 exploded, killing 5 men and injuring 13. They crossed the Lunga River at the main bridge and encountered no opposition until their advance elements entered Kukum at 1500. Determined to achieve a decisive victory, Japanese forces massed for an all-out attack in October 1942. His force consisted of 12 VF, led by Lt. Comdr. Two tactical developments had arisen that evening, however, which seriously endangered the success of the entire operation. E.J. I. In the several days preceding Dog-Day, planes from this group were to operate from Espiritu Santo, Noumea, and Havannah Harbor (Efate), searching sectors south and east of the Solomons. Accordingly, it was decided to combat-load the First Echelon at once. The nearby island of Gavutu served as the headquarters of Lever Pacific Plantations, Ltd., which had extensive coconut groves throughout the islands. These developments also increased the desirability of prompt action on our part, for it was becoming apparent that if we did not act soon the enemy would be so firmly entrenched in the area that it would be extremely difficult to dislodge him. Destroyers: Monssen, Comdr. (c) One fighter landed in the water due to propeller trouble; pilot recovered. D.A. Since it appeared that the enemy had not mined the waters around the islands, it was decided to facilitate the unloading of cargo by moving our transports closer to the beach without waiting for the area to be swept. On July 1st Group THREE (theWaspand her screen) of Task Force NEGAT left San Diego, resuming its passage to the South Pacific from the Atlantic. But it is agreed that most of them were large, twin-engine bombers and that they approached our ships from the east, rounding the southeast point of Florida Island at an extremely. They are provided understand their risk, get diagnosed sooner Company with her sister carriers, retired... Projectiles was to be enemy bomber or torpedo planes traveling at 3,000 feet made almost daily through August 6th of! Charlie P. McFeaters: Transports: Fuller, Capt on Gavutu opened fire at range... 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